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--- amc:ss2025:group-t:start [2025/07/29 01:05] – removed emir-talha.fidan
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+====== Smart Trash Bin Monitoring System ======
+**Emir Talha Fidan (32780)**
+**Ilker Bakikol (31706)**
+====== 1. Introduction ======
+''By 32780''
+Every year, inefficient waste-collection leads to unnecessary pickups, added CO₂ emissions, and overflowing public bins. Our **Smart Trash-Bin Fill-Level Monitoring System** uses a VL53L0X Time-of-Flight sensor mounted inside a 41 × 35 × 60 cm³ bin to measure the fill height, displays the percentage full on an SH1106 OLED, and—when a user-configurable threshold is exceeded—sends alerts via a Telegram bot.
+This document walks through each step—hardware assembly (breadboard layout), Arduino IDE firmware, Node-RED flow, Telegram-bot config, and ESP32 simulation—so you can reproduce and extend the system today, then evolve it for outdoor use tomorrow.
+----
+====== 2. Materials & System Overview ======
+''By 32780''
+==== 2.1. Hardware Components ====
+^ Component                         ^ Purpose                                                                         ^
+| ESP32-S3-DevKitC-1                | Main MCU, Wi-Fi, GPIOs                                                          |
+| VL53L0X ToF sensor                | Measures distance from bin top to contents                                      |
+| SH1106 128×64 I²C OLED (U8g2 lib) | Displays distance (cm) & fill (%)                                               |
+| LED (GPIO 2)                      | Visual “almost full” warning                                                    |
+| Powerbank (5 V USB)               | Supplies 5 V to ESP32 for portable operation                                    |
+| Wires, breadboard, connectors     | Prototyping and wiring                                                           |
+{{:amc:ss2025:group-t:pxl_20250729_115627332.jpg?400|}}
+----
+==== 2.2. Software Components ====
+  * **Arduino IDE** (v2.x)
+  * **Libraries**
+    **  * Adafruit_VL53L0X – Time-of-Flight sensor
+    **  * U8g2lib – SH1106 OLED driver
+    **  * WiFi.h / HTTPClient.h – Wi-Fi & HTTP POST
+    **  * UniversalTelegramBot.h – Telegram Bot API
+  * **Node-RED** (v3.x) on 192.168.10.50:1880 — receives HTTP alerts, dashboards fill percentage, logs events
+  * **Telegram Bot** (“TrashAlertBot”) configured with token `xxxx:YYYY` and chat ID
+----
+====== 3. Hardware Assembly ======
+''By 32780''
+==== 3.1. Breadboard Layout ====
+  * **ESP32**: VIN ← 5 V (from powerbank USB→5 V regulator), GND ← GND, SDA ← GPIO 8, SCL ← GPIO 9.
+  * **VL53L0X**: VCC ← 3.3 V (ESP32 3V3 pin), GND ← GND, SDA/SCL as belove.
+  * **OLED (SH1106)**: VCC ← 3.3 V, GND ← GND, SDA/SCL as belove.
+  * **LED**: Anode ← GPIO 2 (with 220 Ω resistor), Cathode ← GND.
+    *All I²C peripherals (ToF sensor, OLED) share ESP32’s **SDA**/**SCL** pins and 3.3 V/GND rails.
+    * Secure ToF sensor at bin’s top interior, facing directly downward without obstruction.
+    * Mount OLED on exterior lid for clear visibility.
+    * Use onboard LED—no additional external LED wiring.
+    * ESP32 uses internal antenna for Wi-Fi; no extra antennas needed.
+{{:amc:ss2025:group-t:wokwi_arduino.png?400|}}
+----
+====== 4. Arduino IDE Firmware ======
+''By 32780''
+Below is the main sketch. **Please replace** `YOUR_SSID`, `YOUR_PASS`, `NODE_RED_URL`, and `BOT_TOKEN` with your actual credentials.
+<code cpp>
+#include <Wire.h>
+#include <Adafruit_VL53L0X.h>
+#include <U8g2lib.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#include <HTTPClient.h>
+#include <UniversalTelegramBot.h>
+#define I2C_SDA 8
+#define I2C_SCL 9
+#define LED_PIN 2
+#define BIN_HEIGHT_CM 60.0
+#define DISTANCE_OFFSET_CM -3.0
+// Wi-Fi
+const char* ssid       = "YOUR_SSID";
+const char* password   = "YOUR_PASS";
+// Node-RED endpoint
+const char* alert_url  = "http://YOUR_IP_ADDRESS/bin-alert";
+// Telegram
+const char* telegram_token = "BOT_TOKEN";
+String chat_id = "CHAT_ID";
+U8G2_SH1106_128X64_NONAME_F_HW_I2C display(U8G2_R0, U8X8_PIN_NONE, I2C_SCL, I2C_SDA);
+Adafruit_VL53L0X lox = Adafruit_VL53L0X();
+WiFiClientSecure secured_client;
+UniversalTelegramBot bot(telegram_token, secured_client);
+unsigned long lastAlertTime = 0, lastSignalTime = 0;
+const unsigned long signalInterval = 30000;
+float lastDistance = 0, lastPercentage = 0;
+bool updatesEnabled = true;
+void setup() {
+  Serial.begin(115200);
+  Wire.begin(I2C_SDA, I2C_SCL);
+  // Initialize display
+  display.begin();
+  display.clearBuffer();
+  display.setFont(u8g2_font_ncenB08_tr);
+  display.drawStr(0,10,"Init Display");
+  display.sendBuffer();
+  // Initialize sensor
+  if (!lox.begin()) while (1);
+  pinMode(LED_PIN, OUTPUT);
+  // Connect Wi-Fi
+  WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
+  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
+    delay(500);
+    Serial.print('.');
+  }
+  Serial.println("\\nWiFi OK");
+  secured_client.setInsecure();
+}
+void loop() {
+  VL53L0X_RangingMeasurementData_t m;
+  lox.rangingTest(&m, false);
+  if (m.RangeStatus != 4) {
+    float d = m.RangeMilliMeter/10.0 + DISTANCE_OFFSET_CM;
+    float p = constrain(100.0 - (d/BIN_HEIGHT_CM)*100.0, 0.0, 100.0);
+    lastDistance = d; lastPercentage = p;
+    // Update OLED
+    display.clearBuffer();
+    display.setCursor(0,12);
+    display.print("Dist: "); display.print(d,1); display.print("cm");
+    display.setCursor(0,30);
+    display.print("Fill: "); display.print((int)p); display.print("%");
+    int w = map((int)p,0,100,0,120);
+    display.drawFrame(0,45,120,10);
+    display.drawBox(0,45,w,10);
+    display.sendBuffer();
+    // Alert on ≥80%
+    if (p >= 80.0) {
+      digitalWrite(LED_PIN, HIGH);
+      if (millis() - lastAlertTime > 15000) {
+        sendWarning(d, p);
+        lastAlertTime = millis();
+      }
+    } else {
+      digitalWrite(LED_PIN, LOW);
+    }
+  }
+  // Periodic update
+  if (millis() - lastSignalTime > signalInterval) {
+    if (updatesEnabled) sendRegularUpdate(lastDistance, lastPercentage);
+    lastSignalTime = millis();
+  }
+  // Telegram commands
+  static unsigned long lastBot = 0;
+  if (millis() - lastBot > 1000) {
+    int n = bot.getUpdates(bot.last_message_received + 1);
+    while (n) {
+      handleNewMessages(n);
+      n = bot.getUpdates(bot.last_message_received + 1);
+    }
+    lastBot = millis();
+  }
+  delay(500);
+}
+// ... (sendWarning, sendRegularUpdate, handleNewMessages functions)
+</code>
+----
+===== Code Summary =====
+. **Initialization (setup)**
+   - Serial debug +<code>Wire.begin()</code>for I²C
+   - <code>lox.begin()</code> for ToF sensor and OLED splash
+   - Connect to Wi-Fi (SSID/password)
+   - Initialize HTTPClient & Telegram bot
+   - On failure (sensor or Wi-Fi), print/display error
+. **Main Loop**
+   - Ranging measurement via <code>lox.rangingTest()</code>
+   - If valid, calculate
+     `fill % = ((BIN_HEIGHT_CM − distance_cm) / BIN_HEIGHT_CM) × 100`
+   - Update OLED: distance, fill %, bar graph
+   - LED Alert: ON if ≥ 80 %, OFF if below (with hysteresis)
+   - HTTP POST to Node-RED every 30 s
+   - Telegram: one-time warning on threshold cross; optional periodic updates
+   - Handle Telegram commands (<code>/start</code>,<code>/status</code>,<code>/stop</code>, etc.)
+   - Delay to regulate loop frequency
+----
+====== 5. Node-RED Flow ======
+''By 32780''
+Our Node-RED instance handles incoming HTTP POSTs at `/bin-alert` and:
+  * Parses JSON (distance, fill_percentage)
+  * Switch: if `fill_percentage ≥ 80` → trigger email/SMS, else log
+  * Dashboard: updates a gauge node
+{{:amc:ss2025:group-t:screenshot_2025-07-29_132917.png?500|}}
+----
+====== 6. Telegram Bot Configuration ======
+''By 32780''
+  * Create bot with BotFather → get `BOT_TOKEN`.
+  * Invite to your group/channel → note the `chat_id`.
+  * Grant it message-reading rights.
+  * [[http://t.me/Trashbinalertbot|External Link]] Trash Bin alert bot
+  * [[http://t.me/klajf0239j2390d|External Link]] Trash Bin Channel
+{{:amc:ss2025:group-t:telegram_page.png?500|}}
+**Commands**:
+  * /start - Start bot
+  * /status - Get current bin fill
+  * /stop - Stop regular update messages
+  * /startupdates - Resume regular updates
+  * /help - Show this message
+----
+====== 7. Results ======
+''By 31706''
+  * **OLED display**: real-time distance & fill bar (tested up to 85%).
+  * **LED**: lights when fill ≥ 80%.
+  * **Telegram**: immediate alert with bin status.
+  * **Node-RED dashboard**: gauge plotting fill percentage.
+  * **Distance & Fill Readout**
+    - OLED updates in real time:
+      * “Distance: 21.8 cm”
+      * “Fill: 63 %”
+    - Fill percentage = ((60 cm − measured_distance) / 60 cm) × 100 %.
+  * **Visual & Remote Alerts**
+    - At ≥ 80 % capacity (trash within ~12 cm of lid):
+      * Onboard LED lights (e.g., red).
+      * Node-RED receives JSON payload:
+        <code>{"bin":"Kitchen","fill":85,"status":"Nearly Full"}</code>
+       * Telegram message: “⚠ Alert: The kitchen trash bin is 85 % full. Please empty it soon.”
+     - Regular status updates (e.g., every 30 s) are also sent.
+     - On sensor error, OLED shows “Sensor error” and that cycle’s data is skipped; an error flag can be forwarded.
+----
+{{ :amc:ss2025:group-t:screenshot_2025-07-29_160455.png?200|}}
+{{:amc:ss2025:group-t:pxl_20250729_093131148.jpg?200 |}}
+{{:amc:ss2025:group-t:pxl_20250729_093110023.jpg?200|}}
+----
+====== 8. Discussion & Lessons Learned ======
+''By 31706''
+  * **Portable power**: using a USB powerbank delivers ~8 hrs runtime; for longer operation, a solar-powered Li-Po pack is recommended.
+  * **Connectivity**: outdoors Wi-Fi drops; consider fallback via GSM/LTE or LoRaWAN.
+  * **Enclosure**: no weatherproof housing yet—future 3D-printed case should protect electronics from dust and moisture.
+  * **Sleep modes**: ESP32 deep-sleep between measurements can drastically reduce power draw.
+  * **Multi-sensor**: adding ambient temperature/humidity could enable smarter waste-decomposition predictions.
+  * **Predictive analytics**: log historical fill data (via MQTT or cloud DB) to forecast optimal pickup schedules.
+  * **Firmware OTA**: integrate over-the-air updates for remote code maintenance.
+  * **Scalability**: mesh-network multiple bins to central server for fleet management.
+* **Limitations**
+    * Single-point ToF measurement may miss uneven trash piles.
+    * Reliance on Wi-Fi: network outages disrupt remote updates.
+    * Continuous power requirement; no battery or power-saving implemented.
+  * **Improvements**
+    * Multiple sensors or servo-mounted scanning for holistic fill measurement.
+    * Offline data buffering and reconnection logic for network resilience.
+    * Deep-sleep between measurements for battery operation.
+  * **Future Enhancements**
+    * A GPS module (for geo-tagged alerts)
+    * A solar-rechargeable Li-Po power supply (with charge controller)
+    * A weatherproof 3D-printed enclosure
+    * Load cell weight sensor for complementary metrics.
+    * Audible buzzer for local full-bin alarms.
+    * Expanded Node-RED flows: email notifications, historical logging/analytics.
+    * Interactive Telegram bot commands for on-demand status.
+----
+====== 9. Conclusion ======
+''By 31706''
+Deploying multiple units in smart buildings or campuses enables optimized waste collection scheduling, reduces overflow incidents, and contributes to smarter urban infrastructure by leveraging low-cost sensors and Wi-Fi connectivity. This project demonstrates a practical IoT solution for everyday problems, with clear pathways for scaling and enhancement.
+----
+====== 10. References ======
+''By 31706''
+  * **STMicroelectronics VL53L0X Datasheet**
+  * **U8g2 SH1106 OLED driver** – https://github.com/olikraus/u8g2
+  * **UniversalTelegramBot Library** – https://github.com/witnessmenow/Universal-Arduino-Telegram-Bot
+  * **Node-RED Documentation** – https://nodered.org/docs/
+{{youtube>2MH0t_iPs9k?}}