amc2021:groupg:start
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| amc2021:groupg:start [2021/09/06 13:58] – [3.1 Code] rajshree001 | amc2021:groupg:start [2023/01/05 14:38] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1 | ||
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| Water is of utmost importance for plants. It helps the plant to germinate, to undergo the process of photosynthesis in which energy is produced for the plant growth, for absorbing nutrients from the soil and also for the process of transpiration in which there is a continuous flow of water and nutrients from root to leaf. Over-watering and under-watering of the plants are two common mistakes which affects the plant growth. An automated water system delivers just the right amount of water that the plant actually needs. It enhances the water level according to the soil moisture and weather predictions for optimal plant growth using sensors or timers. Alert notifications can be received whenever the water level is low. The water pump system is linked with the moisture sensors and it is turned on and off as per the water requirements of the plants. Hence, the watering process is made more efficient. | Water is of utmost importance for plants. It helps the plant to germinate, to undergo the process of photosynthesis in which energy is produced for the plant growth, for absorbing nutrients from the soil and also for the process of transpiration in which there is a continuous flow of water and nutrients from root to leaf. Over-watering and under-watering of the plants are two common mistakes which affects the plant growth. An automated water system delivers just the right amount of water that the plant actually needs. It enhances the water level according to the soil moisture and weather predictions for optimal plant growth using sensors or timers. Alert notifications can be received whenever the water level is low. The water pump system is linked with the moisture sensors and it is turned on and off as per the water requirements of the plants. Hence, the watering process is made more efficient. | ||
| - | Raising herbs and edible plants from seeds can sometimes be a difficult task. For instance, in Germany, the seasons can provide bad growing conditions for certain plants and herbs. A good idea would be to use a greenhouse as it provides protection from cold weather, rain, snow, temperature differences and too much sunlight. Some other factors that should be taken into consideration are regular watering, humidity, temperature and soil moisture which is of utmost importance | + | Raising herbs and edible plants from seeds can sometimes be a difficult task. For instance, in Germany, the seasons can provide bad growing conditions for certain plants and herbs. A good idea would be to use a greenhouse as it provides protection from cold weather, rain, snow, temperature differences and too much sunlight. Some other factors that should be taken into consideration are regular watering, humidity, temperature and soil moisture which is essentially important |
| The goal of this project is to provide an easier approach to said task. To accomplish this, different monitoring sensors, an ESP32, other devices, Grafana and Node-red are used. The project uses a humidity/ | The goal of this project is to provide an easier approach to said task. To accomplish this, different monitoring sensors, an ESP32, other devices, Grafana and Node-red are used. The project uses a humidity/ | ||
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| === 2.1.1 Espressif ESP32 DevKitC === | === 2.1.1 Espressif ESP32 DevKitC === | ||
| - | ESP32 is a low-power consuming, low-cost microcontroller board, with built-in Wi-Fi and Bluetooth that enable remote controlling and monitoring. ESP32 is also capable of handling other internal peripherals such as SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) or I2C. Due its compatibility with Arduino IDE, it can be easily used by Libraries that can be installed. It can operate in a wide range of temperatures from -40°C to 125°C. | + | [[https:// |
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| === 2.1.2 Grove Temperature and Humidity Sensor(SHT31) | === 2.1.2 Grove Temperature and Humidity Sensor(SHT31) | ||
| - | The Grove Temperature and Humidity Sensor is a highly reliable and accurate sensor with a quick response. The relative humidity has an accuracy of ±2% and ±0.3°C | + | [[https:// |
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| === 2.1.3 Capacitive Soil Moisture Sensor === | === 2.1.3 Capacitive Soil Moisture Sensor === | ||
| - | The Capacitive Soil Moisture Sensor Module is a low-power sensor that measures the difference in capacitance caused by the changes in the dielectric that is formed by the soil and the water. The sensor’s capacitance is measured by the use of a 555 based circuit (that is, it provides a single pulses over a long time) that produces a voltage proportional to the capacitor inserted in the soil. This voltage is after that measured by means of an Analog to Digital Converter which produces a number that we can then interpret as soil moisture. Due to the capacitive probe, corrosion is minimised and there is no electrical current flowing in the soil and no electrolysis is induced. | + | The [[https:// |
| It consists of 3 connectors; namely Ground, Voltage common connecter, VCC (3.3V – 5.5V DC) and the analog output that is usually connected to the analog input in the microcontroller. | It consists of 3 connectors; namely Ground, Voltage common connecter, VCC (3.3V – 5.5V DC) and the analog output that is usually connected to the analog input in the microcontroller. | ||
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| === 2.1.4 Submersible water pump === | === 2.1.4 Submersible water pump === | ||
| - | The 5V water pump was used together with the relay module and a battery pack that is being used to power the pump. | + | The 5V [[https:// |
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| === 2.1.5 Relay Module === | === 2.1.5 Relay Module === | ||
| - | A Relay HLS8L-DC5V-S-C with a coil voltage(primary voltage) of 5V was used as an electrical switch to control when the pump turns on and off as the water pump has a higher voltage than the ESP32. The relay module acts like a bridge inbetween the water pump and the ESP32. | + | A [[http:// |
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| ==== 3.1 Code ==== | ==== 3.1 Code ==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | The code below includes the libraries used and shows how it was connected to Wifi and to MQTT for data transmission. | ||
| <file c++ Automatic watering system.ino> | <file c++ Automatic watering system.ino> | ||
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| </ | </ | ||
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| + | The code below is about the measurement readings and MQTT publishing. | ||
| <file c++ MQTT publishing.ino> | <file c++ MQTT publishing.ino> | ||
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| **Why the pump should be turned on when the soil moisture value is above 2800?** | **Why the pump should be turned on when the soil moisture value is above 2800?** | ||
| - | * Dry in open air = | + | * Dry in open air = 3500 |
| - | * Dry soil needing water > 380 / 2800 | + | * Dry soil needing water = 2800 - 3100 |
| - | * Ideal soil moisture = 277 – 380 | + | |
| * Moisture in a just watered soil = 1800 | * Moisture in a just watered soil = 1800 | ||
| * Moisture in a cup of water = 1640 | * Moisture in a cup of water = 1640 | ||
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| * Value < 1500 implies that the soil is too wet. | * Value < 1500 implies that the soil is too wet. | ||
| - | * Soil moisture between | + | * Soil moisture between |
| * Soil moisture value > 3300 implies that the soil is dry enough and it should be watered. | * Soil moisture value > 3300 implies that the soil is dry enough and it should be watered. | ||
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| === 4.1 Limitations & Improvements === | === 4.1 Limitations & Improvements === | ||
| At first, we tried using the DHT 11 and DHT 22 sensors for the measurement of the two parameters namely temperature and humidity which unfortunately did not give us any results and it seemed to be unreliable. We then switched to the Grove Temperature & Humidity sensor (SHT31) which gave us accurate results for the measurement of these two parameters. | At first, we tried using the DHT 11 and DHT 22 sensors for the measurement of the two parameters namely temperature and humidity which unfortunately did not give us any results and it seemed to be unreliable. We then switched to the Grove Temperature & Humidity sensor (SHT31) which gave us accurate results for the measurement of these two parameters. | ||
| - | We also wanted to use the ultrasonic sensor to measure the water level but it required a voltage of 5V which is not supported by the ESP32 as it has a maximum of 3.3 V. | + | We also wanted to use the ultrasonic sensor to measure the water level but it required a voltage of 5V which is not supported by the ESP32 as it has a maximum of 3.3 V. |
| + | In our project, we have a drip water system which waters one small pot at a time and the water tube has to be placed in each of the pots in order to water them. As an improvement for a better watering system, a sprinkler could be used instead to water the plants. | ||
| + | To conclude, the aim of this project which was to develop an automated watering system for plants in indoor greenhouses was achieved, regardless of the limitations, | ||
| ===== 5.0 Video showing the project ===== | ===== 5.0 Video showing the project ===== | ||
amc2021/groupg/start.1630929506.txt.gz · Last modified: 2023/01/05 14:38 (external edit)