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--- user:munashe001 [2021/09/02 03:21] – munashe001
+++ user:munashe001 [2023/01/05 14:38] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
  ====== SOIL MOISTURE: AUTOMATIC PLANT WATERING SYSTEM ======
-. === Introduction ===
+.
+ === Introduction ===
-Soil Moisture refers to water contained within the soil and is also regarded as a measure of soil health. Soil moisture is affected by precipitation, temperature, soil characteristics, only to mention a few. All plants need a specific soil moisture range to optimize operations within. The majority of plants flourish in soil with a moisture level that ranges between 20% to 60%.  Plant growth is not based on the availability of fertile soils but soil moisture should be a major key element to consider when it comes to plant performance and health. This is due to water content in soil acting as a solvent, by breaking down certain minerals and nutrients for easy absorption by plants.
+Soil Moisture refers to the amount of water contained or held within the soils. It is regarded as a measure of soil health and is a key climate variable. Soil moisture is affected by precipitation, temperature, soil characteristics and many other variables which play a part in the environment. It plays an important role in the development of plants and their performance. The availability of fertile soils does not guarantee healthy thriving plants, if the soil moisture present does not meet the requirements of the plant to optimize its daily operations. According to an article by Greenway Biotech, the optimum soil moisture level which the plants need for survival ranges between 20% to 60%.
-Soil moisture is major variable in controlling the exchange of heat energy and water between the land surface and the atmosphere through evaporation and transpiration. Furthermore soil moisture plays a crucial role in the development of weather patterns and the formation of precipitation. Soil moisture information can be further used for reservoir management, early warning of droughts, irrigation scheduling and crop yield forecasting.
+Soil moisture is major variable in plant functions. It acts as a solvent where nutrients and minerals are broken down for easy absorption by the roots of plant. It provides turgidity which gives the plant true stability and positioning. It further controls the exchange of heat energy and water between the land surface and the atmosphere through evaporation and transpiration. Furthermore soil moisture plays a crucial role in the development of weather patterns and the formation of precipitation. As a result soil moisture information can be taken into consideration for reservoir management, early warning of droughts, irrigation scheduling and crop yield forecasting.
 As soil moisture availability declines, the functionality and growth of plants is disrupted resulting in lower crop yields. As the climate changes, moisture availability is becoming more variable. As a result the automatic plant watering system project takes into account the measurement of soil moisture of house plants by a capacitive soil moisture sensor. If the soil moisture values obtained by the sensor are below a certain value the sensor will automatically turn on the water pump which is responsible for delivering the water requirements of the plant until the optimum moisture content is achieved by the soil.
@@ Line 12: / Line 13: @@
  === Materials and Methods ===
 The following materials and components were brought together to drive the project.
+•	Arduino Uno R3
+•	ESP32 Wrover-B  Module
 •	Capacitive Soil Moisture Sensor
 •	5V water submersible pump
+•	2N2222 NPN Transistor
+•	Breadboard
 •	Jump Wires
-•	ESP32 Wrover-B module
-•	2N222 NPN Transistor
@@ Line 68: / Line 74: @@
 Below is the the final code which is part of the results. It drives the whole project by sending instructions to Arduino micro controller to execute the performance of the components mentioned in the materials and methods.
+<code>
+ const int dryairvalue = 570;// this the air value of the capacitive soil moisture sensor
-const int dryairvalue = 570;// this the air value of the capacitive soil moisture sensor
+ const int watervalue = 275;// this is the water value of the soil moisture sensor
-const int watervalue = 275;// this is the water value of the soil moisture sensor
+ int moisturevalue = 0; //
-int moisturevalue = 0; //
+ int moisturepercent= 0;
-int moisturepercent= 0;
+ const int Sensor = A0;
-const int Sensor = A0;
+ const int pumpPin = 12;
-const int pumpPin = 12;
+ void setup() {
-void setup() {
   Serial.begin(9600); // open serial port, set the baud rate to 9600 bps
-pinMode(Sensor, INPUT); //Sets moisture sensor connected to analogue pin A0 to behave as an input while measuring soil moisture
+ pinMode(Sensor, INPUT); //Sets moisture sensor connected to analogue pin A0 to behave as an input while measuring soil moisture
-pinMode(pumpPin, OUTPUT); // Sets the pumpin connected to digital pin 12 as an Output
+ pinMode(pumpPin, OUTPUT); // Sets the pumpin connected to digital pin 12 as an Output
-}
+ }
-void loop() {
+ void loop() {
-moisturevalue = analogRead(Sensor);  //Read sensor value from the moisture sensor. The readings will be stored in the soilmoisturevalue variable.
+ moisturevalue = analogRead(Sensor);  //Read sensor value from the moisture sensor. The readings will be stored in the soilmoisturevalue variable.
-Serial.println(moisturevalue); // prints the value from moisture sensor to the serial monitor
+ Serial.println(moisturevalue); // prints the value from moisture sensor to the serial monitor
-moisturepercent = map(moisturevalue, dryairvalue, watervalue, 0, 100);// maps the analogue values obtained from the sensor to a percentage
+ moisturepercent = map(moisturevalue, dryairvalue, watervalue, 0, 100);// maps the analogue values obtained from the sensor to a percentage
-if(moisturepercent >= 100) // if checks for
+ if(moisturepercent >= 100) // if checks for
-{
+ {
-Serial.println("Pump is off");
+ Serial.println("Pump is off");
   digitalWrite(pumpPin, LOW);// the pump will maintain the off state if the soil moisture is
   delay(5000);
-}
+ }
-else if(moisturepercent <= 0)
+ else if(moisturepercent <= 0)
-{
+ {
   Serial.println("Pump is On");
   digitalWrite(pumpPin, HIGH);
   delay(5000);
-}
+ }
-else if(moisturepercent >0 && moisturepercent < 100)
+ else if(moisturepercent >0 && moisturepercent < 100)
-{
+ {
   Serial.print(moisturepercent);
-  Serial.println("%");
+   Serial.println("%");
-}
+ }
   delay(250);
-}
+ }
+</code>